Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Current Approaches for the Diagnosis and Treatment

Hyperemesis gravidarum is defined as presence of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that affect 50-90% of all pregnant women, seen in the first trimester. Hyperemesis gravidarum often presents with maternal weight loss, electrolyte imbalance, and nutritional abnormalities. It is the most common reason for hospitalization during the first trimester of pregnancy. The risk factors for the disease are nulliparity, younger age, pre-existing diabetes, psychiatric disorders, hepatic or hyperthyroid diseases. The diagnosis is supported with ketonuria, abnormal electrolytes, elevated liver function tests, and elevated hematocrit levels. The treatment options are depend on patient’s clinical state. Non-pharmacological treatment may be offered as the first-line treatment. Patients with electrolyte imbalance and ketonuria may require medical treatment or hospitalization.